This list is rather generous -- many people on this list can also claim other nationalities; some were born in Austria, but spent the most important part of their lives outside Austria (e.g. Hitler, Schwarzenegger), others were born outside Austria or even outside of Austria-Hungary, but spent the most important part of their lives in Austria (e.g. Beethoven, Elisabeth of Austria).

* Alfred Adler father of Individual Psychology
* Marie Antoinette born in Vienna, became Queen of France
* Leon Askin, actor
* Ingeborg Bachmann, poet, 1926-1973
* Ludwig van Beethoven composer, born in Bonn but spent most of his life in Vienna
* Alban Berg, composer, 1885-1935, born in Vienna
* Thomas Bernhard, dramatist, novelist, poet, 1931-1989, born in Cloister Heerlen, Netherlands
* Ludwig Boltzmann, physicist, 1844-1906, born in Vienna
* Klaus Maria Brandauer actor
* Martin Buber, philosopher, 1878-1965, born in Vienna
* Fritjof Capra, physicist
* Heimito von Doderer, writer, 1896-1966, born in Hadersdorf-Weidlingau near Vienna
* Engelbert Dolfuss, politician, 1892-1934, born in Texing
* Christian Andreas Doppler, physicist, 1803-1853, born in Salzburg
* Paul Ehrenfest, physicist & mathematician
* Elisabeth of Austria ("Sisi") born in Munich (Bavaria)
* Falco, pop musician
* Viktor Frankl father of logotherapy
* Sigmund Freud father of psychoanalysis
* Ernst Fuchs, painter and sculptor, born in Vienna, 1930
* Kurt Gödel mathematician (born in Austria-Hungary, became naturalized U.S. citizen)
* Heinrich Gomperz, philosopher, 1873-1942, born in Vienna
* Friedrich Gulda, pianist and composer, born in 1930 in Vienna
* Eduard Haas inventor of PEZ
* Otto Habsburg-Lothringen
* Liane Haid, first Austrian movie star
* Peter Handke, author, born in 1942 in Griffen (Carinthia)
* Rudolf Hausner, painter and graphic artist, 1914-1995
* Joseph Haydn Composer of the former "Imperial Hymn" now German Hymn
* Friedrich Hayek, nobel prize winner (economics)

* Gottfried Helnwein, artist, born in Vienna, 1948

* Theodor Herzl "founder" of Israel, lived most of his life in Austria
* Adolf Hitler, dictator of Germany from 1933-1945, born on April 20, 1889 in Braunau am Inn
* Alfred Hrdlicka, sculptor and graphic artist, born in Vienna, 1928
* Friedensreich Hundertwasser, artist, 1928-2000, born in Vienna
* Udo Jürgens, singer-songwriter
* Walter Jurmann, composer
* Ludwig von Köchel writer, composer, botanist, music historian
* Gustav Klimt artist, helped found Vienna Secession
* Viktor Kaplan inventor of turbines for river power plants
* Franz Klammer, skier, born in Mooswald (Carinthia), 1953
* Franz Cardinal König, Archbishop of Vienna (1956-1985)
* Oskar Kokoschka, painter, 1886-1980, born in Pöchlarn (Lower Austria)
* Johann Korbuly inventor of matador (special wooden toy)
* Karl Kraus, essayist, poet, dramatist, 1874-1936
* Bruno Kreisky, Chancellor of Austria (1970-1983)
* Hedy Lamarr actress
* Karl Landsteiner, physician, serologist, Nobel Prize winner, 1886-1943
* Niki Lauda race car driver
* Konrad Zacharias Lorenz zoologist, Nobel prize 1973 (physiology/medicine)
* Josef Madersberger invented the sewing-machine in 1818
* Alma Mahler
* Gustav Mahler composer
* Sigfried Marcus inventor of automobile in 1864 in Vienna, lived most of his life in Austria
* Lise Meitner physicist
* Gregor Mendel pioneer of genetics
* Klemens Wenzel von Metternich diplomat
* Ludwig von Mises free-market economist
* Inge Morath, photographer
* Leopold Mozart composer & musician
* Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart composer & musician
* Robert Musil writer
* Hermann Nitsch, artist, painter, born in Vienna, 1938
* Wolfgang Pauli Nobel prize winner (Physics, 1945)
* Alf Poier artist and stand-up comedian
* Karl Popper philosopher (born in Austria, became British)
* Ferdinand Porsche automotive engineer, designed the Volkswagen (the "people's car"), born in Austria-Hungary
* Otto Preminger, film director
* Arnulf Rainer, painter, born 1929
* Otto Rank pioneer psychologist
* Jochen Rindt race car driver
* Toni Sailer, 1956 Olympic Games - Won all three gold medals earning himself the Triple Crown of alpine skiing; born 1935
* Egon Schiele, painter, 1890-1918
* Günther Schifter, radio personality
* Arthur Schnitzler writer
* Erwin Schrödinger physicist and Nobel Prize winner
* Franz Schubert composer & musician
* Margarete Schütte-Lihotzky, architect and political activist
* Arnold Schwarzenegger, bodybuilder, actor, and politician, born 1955, in Graz (became naturalized U.S. citizen)
* Romy Schneider, actress (Sissi)
* Paul Schwarzkopf, inventor of powder metallurgy
* Othmar Spann, philosopher and economist
* Fritz Spiegl, journalist
* Rudolf Steiner mystic & philosopher
* Josef von Sternberg, film director, 1894-1969
* Johann Strauss, Sr., 1809-1849, Johann Strauss, Jr., 1825-1899, and Josef Strauss, 1827-1870, the "Waltz Kings" of the latter 19th century
* Berta von Suttner, Nobel Prize winner
* Friedrich Torberg, narrative writer, essayist, script author 1908-1979, born in Vienna
* Georg Trakl poet
* Georg Ritter von Trapp head of Sound of Music family
* Kurt Waldheim, diplomat and politician; former Secretary-General of the United Nations from 1972 to 1982, former President of Austria from 1986 to 1992 born 1918
* Otto Weininger, philosopher
* Auer von Welsbach inventor of gaslight
* Oskar Werner, actor
* Simon Wiesenthal, b.1908, Nazi hunter
* Billy Wilder, film director, 1906-2002, born in Austria-Hungary
* Ludwig Wittgenstein, philosopher, born 1889 in Vienna
* Fritz Wotruba, sculptor, 1907-1975, born in Vienna
* Joe Zawinul, jazz musician, composer, born in Vienna, 1932
* Fred Zinnemann film director
* Stefan Zweig, writer, 1881-1942, born in Vienna

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